SPD is a condition that entails the inability of the brain to receive and respond to sensory information being perceived by the senses. Another name used to refer to this condition is sensory integration dysfunction. For the proper functioning of a person, the senses provide the brain with information from different modalities, which include taste, vestibular system, tactile, olfactory, audition, and vision.
The condition is characterized by certain major problems. Patients with sensory processing disorder will normally experience trouble in organizing sensations that come from their bodies and the surroundings. These problems manifest in the individual through difficulty in functioning in various areas of life. Some of the areas of life where subjects find it difficult to function are daily activities, leisure and play, and productivity.
Several different types of SPD exist, and the various types are further subdivided into subtypes. The different types of this condition may affect one or multiple sense in the body. That makes symptoms to vary among individuals depending on the type of subtype they have. Those with oversensitivity will usually dislike certain textures, experience motion sickness, avoid noisy and crowded places, be picky eaters, and refuse normal skin contact interactions with other people.
Oversensitivity also causes people to have sleep disorders, often being awakened by minor sounds. This is often caused by sensory overload. These individuals will also feel seriously sick, threatened, or discomforted by normal movements, tastes, smells, lights, and sounds among other stimuli. Some even get discomforted by their own heartbeats. These difficulties often make it hard to coexist with others in various environments and to function in social and other settings.
Under-responsivity, sensory discrimination problems, sensory craving, and sensory motor based problems are additional subtypes of the condition. People with sensory discrimination often have trouble dressing and eating, use inappropriate force/effort to handle objects, drop things constantly, and have poor handwritings. Those suffering from sensory craving often appear impulsive, bite fingers, pencils, or clothing, make loud noises, seek extreme sensations, and fidget excessively.
The ICD-10 and similar medical manuals do not classify SPD under medical disorders. Tests are the main basis for diagnosis. Some common diagnostic procedures and tests are free play observations, standardized questionnaires, standardized tests, and expert observational scales. Occupational therapy gym is where free play observation is done. Observation is done in different settings, including home and school.
The kind of practitioners that perform diagnosis are usually dependent on the country under consideration. Some of the practitioner who diagnose this condition include physiotherapists, speech and language therapists, learning specialists, psychologists, and occupational therapists. If the symptoms are too severe, it may be necessary to perform full neurological and psychological evaluation. Examples of standardized tests are SIPT, TSI, and TSFI while examples of standardized questionnaires are SPM, SPM-P, SP, and adolescent/adult sensory profile among others.
Various therapies for the treatment of SPD have been formulated by researchers. Some common therapies are sensory processing therapy and the sensory integration therapy. Four key principles are based upon in the latter therapy. These principles are child directed, active engagement, just right challenge, and adaptive response. Objectives differ among the principles and they are usually met during a therapy session.
The condition is characterized by certain major problems. Patients with sensory processing disorder will normally experience trouble in organizing sensations that come from their bodies and the surroundings. These problems manifest in the individual through difficulty in functioning in various areas of life. Some of the areas of life where subjects find it difficult to function are daily activities, leisure and play, and productivity.
Several different types of SPD exist, and the various types are further subdivided into subtypes. The different types of this condition may affect one or multiple sense in the body. That makes symptoms to vary among individuals depending on the type of subtype they have. Those with oversensitivity will usually dislike certain textures, experience motion sickness, avoid noisy and crowded places, be picky eaters, and refuse normal skin contact interactions with other people.
Oversensitivity also causes people to have sleep disorders, often being awakened by minor sounds. This is often caused by sensory overload. These individuals will also feel seriously sick, threatened, or discomforted by normal movements, tastes, smells, lights, and sounds among other stimuli. Some even get discomforted by their own heartbeats. These difficulties often make it hard to coexist with others in various environments and to function in social and other settings.
Under-responsivity, sensory discrimination problems, sensory craving, and sensory motor based problems are additional subtypes of the condition. People with sensory discrimination often have trouble dressing and eating, use inappropriate force/effort to handle objects, drop things constantly, and have poor handwritings. Those suffering from sensory craving often appear impulsive, bite fingers, pencils, or clothing, make loud noises, seek extreme sensations, and fidget excessively.
The ICD-10 and similar medical manuals do not classify SPD under medical disorders. Tests are the main basis for diagnosis. Some common diagnostic procedures and tests are free play observations, standardized questionnaires, standardized tests, and expert observational scales. Occupational therapy gym is where free play observation is done. Observation is done in different settings, including home and school.
The kind of practitioners that perform diagnosis are usually dependent on the country under consideration. Some of the practitioner who diagnose this condition include physiotherapists, speech and language therapists, learning specialists, psychologists, and occupational therapists. If the symptoms are too severe, it may be necessary to perform full neurological and psychological evaluation. Examples of standardized tests are SIPT, TSI, and TSFI while examples of standardized questionnaires are SPM, SPM-P, SP, and adolescent/adult sensory profile among others.
Various therapies for the treatment of SPD have been formulated by researchers. Some common therapies are sensory processing therapy and the sensory integration therapy. Four key principles are based upon in the latter therapy. These principles are child directed, active engagement, just right challenge, and adaptive response. Objectives differ among the principles and they are usually met during a therapy session.
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